Effects of winter atmospheric circulation on temporal and spatial variability in annual streamflow in the western United States
نویسندگان
چکیده
Winter mean 700-hectoPascal (hPa) height anomalies, representing the average atmospheric circulation during the snow season, are compared with annual streamflow measured at 140 streamgauges in the western United States. Correlation and anomaly pattern analyses are used to identify relationships between winter mean atmospheric circulation and temporal and spatial variability in annual streamflow. Results indicate that variability in winter mean 700-Hpa height anomalies accounts for a statistically significant portion of the temporal variability in annual streamflow in the western United States. In general, above-average annual streamflow is associated with negative winter mean 700-Hpa height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and/or the western United States. The anomalies produce an anomalous flow of moist air from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the western United States that increases winter precipitation and snowpack accumulations, and subsequently streamflow. Winter mean 700-hPa height anomalies also account for statistically significant differences in spatial distributions of annual streamflow. As part of this study, winter mean atmospheric circulation patterns for the 40 years analysed were classified into five winter mean 700-hPa height anomaly patterns. These patterns are related to statistically significant and physically meaningful differences in spatial distributions of annual streamflow. Effets de la circulation atmosphérique hivernale sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle des débits annuels dans l'Ouest des Etats-Unis Résumé Les anomalies hivernales de l'altitude de l'isobare 700 hectoPascals (hPa), qui représentent la circulation atmosphérique moyenne pendant la saison neigeuse, ont été comparées aux débits annuels mesurés en 140 stations de jaugeage de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis. L'analyse des corrélations et de l'allure des anomalies a été utilisée afin d'identifier les relations entre la circulation atmosphérique moyenne hivernale et la variabilité spatio-temporelle des débits annuels. Les résultats indiquent que la variabilité des anomalies hivernales de 1 ' altitude de 1 ' isobare 700 hPa en hiver rend compte d'une fraction statistiquement significative de la variabilité temporelle des débits annuels dans l'Ouest des Etats-Unis. En général un débit supérieur à la moyenne est associé à une anomalie négative de l'altitude de l'isobare 700 hPa en hiver au dessus du NordEst de l'Océan Pacifique et/ou de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis. Ces anomalies provoquent un flux anormal d'air humide du Nord-Est de l'Océan Pacifique vers l'Ouest des Etats-Unis qui augmente les précipitations hivernales et l'accumulation nivale et par conséquent les débits. Les Open for discussion until I June 1997 874 Gregory J. McCabe anomalies hivernales de l'altitude de l'isobare 700 hPa rendent également compte de façon statistiquement significative des différences observées dans la distribution spatiale des débits annuels. Dans le cadre de cette étude les allures des circulations atmosphériques hivernales moyennes ont été classées selon cinq types d'anomalies hivernales de l'altitude de l'isobare 700 hPa. Ces classes peuvent être reliées à des différences de distribution spatiale des débits annuels statistiquement et physiquement significatives.
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